Background:Neonatal seizures or neonatal convulsions are epileptic fits occurring from birth to the end of the neonatal period. Neonatal seizures are a common neurological problem with a frequency of 1.5-14/1000 neonates. Neonatal seizure is common in this part of the Telangana and there was paucity of data from this area. Identification of etiology will help in management there by reducing morbidity and mortality. Materials and methods: This prospective study was done in NICU of S.V.S. Medical College and Hospital, Mahabubnagar, from Jan 2016 to Jan 2017. Term neonates with clinically identifiable seizure were included in the present study. This study was approved by institutional ethical committee and written consent was obtained from parents of the studied neonates. Results: Of 84 studied neonates, 46 were males and 38 were females. 29 neonates had seizures within first 24 hours and 22 neonates had seizures on day 2. Perinatal asphyxia was seen in 28 neonates and septicemia was seen in 21 neonates. Conclusion: Perinatal asphyxia was the most common cause for neonatal seizures in term neonates, followed by septicemia and metabolic disturbances.

Background & Objectives: Seizure disorder is one of the common neurological problems of children. We conducted this study to find out the common clinical presentations & radiological features of seizure disorder. Methods: It was a hospital-based prospective study conducted among all the children presented with seizure disorder in the pediatric emergency department of Burdwan Medical College between January 2013 to December 2016. Complete enumeration methods was followed to identify 796 subjects. All the statistical analysis was done by SPSS software versio 19.0. Results: The study includes 796 subjects with a mean age of 5.7±2.1 years. We noticed that GTCS is more common among lower aged male children of rural area whereas partial seizure is more common among elderly female children of urban area. Ring enhancing lesion is the most common radiological findings of partial seizure but hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy/structural abnormality of brain were the leading cause of GTCS. Conclusion: The study reflects the profile of patients with seizure disorder in a rural tertiary care centre. Further multi- centric studies should be undertaken.

Introduction: Congenital Heart Disease (CHD) is the most common congenital anomaly in children requiring intervention for survival and quality of survival. The time and type of intervention and the nutritional status of the children are key determining factors of outcome. As per the prevalence, available resources and health seeking behavior, the clinical profile and nutritional status of CHD is likely to vary from centre to centre. The Rashtriya Bal Swasth Karyakram (RBSK) Scheme was launched in India in 2013 to address the 4D's; defects, deficiencies, diseases and developmental delay & disability among 0-18-year-old children. Objective: To compare the clinical profile and nutritional status of children with CHD admitted to two tertiary care teaching institutions, under the RBSK Scheme. Methods: Consecutive cases with Acyanotic CHD (ACHD) and Cyanotic CHD (CCHD) admitted to SAT Hospital, Govt. Medical College, Thiruvanathapuram, Kerala, India (Centre A) and SreeMookambika Institute of Medical Sciences, Kulasekharam. Kanyakumari, Tamil Nadu (Centre B), were evaluated for type of CHD and nutritional status and socio- demographic data. Results:The children attending the government facility in Kerala (Centre A) were mostly in born babies or referred from other hospitals. The children attending the private facility in Tamil Nadu (Centre B) were referred from camps and school health programs. The socio-economic status was comparable, and majority belonged to middle and lower class.The male to female ratio was comparable. In the government facility in Kerala, there were more infants less than 1 year of age where as in center B majority were above 1 year of age. In both centers, majority were underweight and had varying grades of stunting and wasting, indicating chronic and acute malnutrition respectively. Stunting was more in children with CCHD, with chronic hypoxia. ACHD was more, compared to CCHD, in both centers. Among ACHDs, VSD was more in Center A and ASD was more in Center B. Among CCHD, Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) was more common in both centres. Conclusion: There was significant difference in the age group and clinical pattern among the children with CHD, attending the two centers under the RBSK scheme, as per the referral pattern. Socio-economic status and male to female ratio were comparable. Majority were underweight, stunted and wasted, indicating both chronic and acute malnutrition, which is a known determinant of poor outcome. ACHD was more common than CCHD and VSD was more common in the early referral group and ASD in the late referral group. This comparative study is presented in view of its public health importance.

Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) contacts are people who have close contact with patients with infectious TB. TB contacts should be investigated systematically and actively for TB infection and disease. Such interventions are called 'tuberculosis contact investigations'. They contribute to early identification of active TB, thus decreasing its severity and reducing transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to others, and identification of latent TB infection (LTBI), to allow preventive measures. The present study was undertaken to study epidemiological,socio-economic ,clinical factors in contact children of sputum positive cases. During study ,investigations were also carried out to differentiate stages of tubercular infection ,latency and disease. Aims & Objectives: 1. To identify children in contact with adult index case and to assess contact investigation according to WHO guidelines. 2. Evaluate socioeconomic and Clinical parameters 3. Investigate as per guidelines and perform IGRA. 4. To find proportion of infection, disease and latency in contact children. Materials and Methods Study Design: It was a prospective observational study, conducted in MGM Medical College and Hospital which is a tertiary care referral unit in Navi Mumbai, Raigad District of Maharashtra. Study Period: The study was performed over a period from April 2015 to October 2016. Sample Size: (80) SS = Z 2 x P x (1-P) 2 Z: value (1.96 for 95% CI) P: % of picking choice C: confidence interval. Sampling Technique: Selection of index cases: An index case was defined as a newly pulmonary tuberculosis case in DOTS OPD (confirmed by 3 consecutive sputum smears positive for acid-fast bacilli and/or positive culture).Selection of contacts: Children contacts were defined as a family members or living with the index case in the same house before the starting of tuberculosis treatment of index case. They were recruited into study, and consent was obtained from the parent/ representatives to undertake the study. Methodology: This was a prospective observational study consisting of 80 contact children, of smear positive PTB. The parents were interviewed using a standard questionnaire to obtain demographic and socio-economic information of the household and the health condition of the children. After the interview, children were examined by a clinician as well as nutritional assessment was done according to WHO protocol and necessary laboratory tests (x-ray, induced sputum and gastric lavage) were done to rule out active TB. All children were given a TST and 3 ml of blood was obtained for laboratory tests for IGRA. Conclusion: Active tuberculosis (TB) and TB Infection is common among household contacts of index cases in India, especially among young children. Although all children with household exposure have a high risk of contracting the infection and disease, specific risk factors include severity of disease in cases and the intensity of exposure of the child. Present study found that IGRAs is a good diagnostic tool for the diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection as well as active disease

Rubinstein-Taybi Syndrome is a rare genetic disorder with characteristic featuresincluding downward slanting palpebral fissures, broad thumbs and halluces,and mental retardation. Systemic features may involve cardiac, auditory,ophthalmic, endocrine, nervous, renal and respiratory systems. This syndromeis sporadic in nature and has been linked to microdeletion at 16p 13.3 encoding CREB-binding protein gene (CREBBP). We report a 6-month-old male, who has congenital talipus equino varus, with downward slanting palpebral fissures towardthe ears, hypertelorism, short stature, beaked nose, micrognathia, large toes and broad thumbs.