Accidental Hydrocarbon fluid ingestion is common in children. We report a case of accidental ingestion of motor oil fuel - diesel by a previously healthy 3-year-old female child resulting in bilateral chemical pneumonitis. Extensive pneumonic air space consolidation in all lobes of both lungs were seen only through computed tomography of the chest. Patient received antibiotics, bronchodilators, steroids and symptomatic and supportive care without any mechanical ventilator support. After 11 days patient's symptom had subsided and discharged. On follow up after 2 weeks there was marked resolution of the initial symptoms.

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Background: India alone is responsible for one third of the global burden of low birth weight even after excluding 66 per cent of infants in the country who are not weighed at birth. Adequate nutrition during infancy and early childhood is fundamental to the development of each child's full human potential. Inadequate and inappropriate complementary feeding practices such as untimely introduction (too early or too late) of complementary foods, improper feeding frequency, low dietary diversity and less nutrient dense complementary foods and unhygienic feeding practices can have severe detrimental threats to the health and nutritional status of the children. Objective: The objective of the present review is to assess the current status of complementary feeding practices in India. Methods: Appropriate studies were identified from online databases viz. PubMed, Google Scholar, Medindia, WHOint, Research Gate, UNICEF.org, EMBASE, World Wide Scienceusing appropriate keywords. Results: The status of complementary feeding practices in India remains poor even after the formulation and implementation of various policies and programs. The time of initiation of complementary feeding is either too early or too late. Also, the minimum meal frequency, minimum dietary diversity and minimum acceptable diet is not achieved in majority of the infants aged six months to two years. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the complementary feeding practices in India are not up to the mark and necessary measures needs to be taken to improve this pernicious situation.

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Objective: To evaluate the quality of life (Q) and plan for intervention, IAP proposed a tool ‘IMPACT’ (IAP's Malnutrition Proactive Assessment-A Comprehensive Tool). [10] The study was aimed to implement, assess and evaluate the ease of use of the proposed IMPACT tool in a busy OPD so as to derive an intervention plan for improving quality of life depending on the estimated risk level.1.To implement and assess the utility of IMPACT. 2.To evaluate its ease of use in a busy pediatric OPD setup. Methods: A retrospective study was carried out on data of 75 children aged between 0.5 to 5 years. Using IMPACT criteria, scores were assigned to each 4 recorded parameters. Risk stratification was determined from the Total Score for each child. Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC) was calculated in MS Excel for each of the independent variables vs the dependent variable. Results: Out of 75 children IMPACT indicated that 55%, 19%, 23% and 4% were at High, Medium, Low and No risk respectively. 73% of the children at High risk, were in the 1-3 years age group. Best values of PCC was 0.81 with Weight/Height. Where the Weight/Height percentile score were 0 (there is no wasting or already corrected), the total IMPACT score identified 45% more children at medium or high risk level. Conclusion: IMPACT tool provides a robust and efficient method of detecting malnutrition risk level in children.

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Incontinentia pigmenti (IP) is an X linked dominant genodermatosis that affects skin, eyes, CNS, teeth and skeletal system. Skin manifestations are most common and occur in four quite distinctive phases. Here, we present a female neonate with vesiculobullous lesions in the limbs and trunk which healed with hyperpigmentation. Skin biopsy revealed massive eosinophilia in the intraepidermal region. Also, eosinophil-filled intraepidermal vesicles were noted. The dermis showed spongiotic inflammation and infiltrates of lymphocytes in superficial dermis which confirmed the diagnosis of IP.

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While live attenuated Oka Merck strain varicella vaccine has been safe and effective in reducing the disease burden worldwide, it had not been investigated in the Indian population. With the purpose of obtaining licensure in India, we evaluated the safety and immunogenicity of a single dose of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) vaccine in healthy children (1–12 years), history-negative for varicella. Immunogenicity was assessed at 6 weeks postvaccinationfor childrenseronegative before vaccination, by estimating VZV-specific antibody titer usingglycoprotein-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (gpELISA) and geometric mean titer (GMT). For safety assessment, all injection-site and systemic adverse events (AEs) were recorded for all childrenuntil 6 weeks postvaccination.All 130 children enrolled (mean age, 4.8 years) received 1 dose of the vaccine. Of the immunogenicity cohort(n=108), 84.3% had VZV- specific antibody titers ≥5 gpELISAunits/mL (95% CI 76.0,90.6) 6 weeks postvaccination,with overall antibody GMT of 9.9 gpELISA units/mL (95% CI 8.7,11.2). Of the vaccinated cohort (N=130), 43.8% children experienced ≥1 AE, most were mild in intensity; the most frequently reported AEs were pyrexia (19.2%), cough (17.7%), nasopharyngitis (12.3%), and injection-site pain (6.2%). Rasheswere reported in 3.8%and injection-site reactions in 10% children. No serious AEs were reported and no participant discontinued the study because of an AE. This study demonstrateshigh immunogenicity and good tolerability of VZV vaccine in healthy Indian children. This has implications for incorporation of VZV vaccination into a universal immunization program in India to curb varicella. Clinicaltrials.govNCT00496

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Objective : 1) To study effect of Vitamin D3 supplementation on Anthropometric Measures (Nutrition). 2)To compare above mentioned Parameter in 2 groups namely Vitamin D3 Supplemented Exclusively breastfed infants and Vitamin D3 not supplemented exclusively breast fed infants. Methods: A randomized control study was conducted in 200 new borns, who were exclusively breast fed . New borns were divided into two groups namely Group A- placebo, Group B- vitamin D supplemented i.e. 400 IU daily per orally for 9months . Both the groups were followed at regular intervals 1.5, 2.5, 3.5, 6, 9 months. At each visit anthropometric measurements (weight and length) were recorded. Results: The mean birth weight and length of subjects in Group A and B was comparable (p>0.05). No difference in Anthropometric parameters were noted between two groups at 1.5 month. Significant difference in Anthropometric measures was seen between the above mentioned groups at 2.5 ,3.5,6 and 9 months (p<0.05). Conclusion: significant improvement in anthropometric parameters from 2. 5 months onwards was seen in Group B subjects , who were supplemented with vitamin D as compared to Group A.

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Though hepatoblastomas are rare tumours, but when a child presents with abdominal lump, decreased appetite, weight loss and triad of hepatic mass by imaging studies, high levels of serum AFP and thrombocytosis, should always raise suspicion of hepatoblastoma. All other conditions should be ruled out by clinical examination, bio-chemical tests and histological studies. So early recognition of the tumour may lead to early and prompt intervention and speedy recovery. LIVER BIOPSY remains the GOLD STANDARD diagnostic tool for confirming HEPATOBLASTOMA. The role of paediatricians, pathologist and paediatric surgeons are very important to diagnose and manage the condition.

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Background & Objectives: Acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) is a major cause of morbidity & mortality in India. Studies regarding clinical & imaging features of AES & their prognostic significance are rare. Hence this study was conducted to identify clinical & radiological features of AES &prognostic significance of them. Methodology: Hospital based prospective study. 628 samples were selected by complete enumeration method. Data were collected by using a pre-tested pre-designed semi-structured schedule. Statistical analysis was done by SPSS version 19.0. P<0.05 was taken as statistically significant. Common radiological findings included basal ganglia involvement (16.1%), cortical involvement (14.5%), white matter involvement (13.1%) & diffusion restriction (12.6%). Cerebellar involvement was least common (1.3%). Results: Mean age of the study population is 5.3±2.1 years & 62.1% of them were boys. Clinical features includes fever between 100-102° F (76.0%) & convulsions of <2 episodes (48.1%). altered consciousness (46.5%), cranial nerve palsy (16.2 %), motor weakness (11.3 %) & tone disturbance (19.7 %) & bleeding manifestations (9.7% ). Common radiological findings included basal ganglia involvement (16.1%), cortical involvement (14.5%), white matter involvement (13.1%) & diffusion restriction (12.6%). Cerebellar involvement was least common (1.3%). Bleeding manifestation was the worst prognostic indicator (Adjusted odds ratio-43.9). Conclusion: Appropriate national program, vaccination & vector control can prevent disabilities & deaths from AES.

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Introduction- Neonatal seizures indicate significant neurological dysfunction or damage to the immature nervous system. It is essential to determine the etiology of seizure at the earliest because it gives an opportunity to treat the seizure actively and promptly and avoid preventable morbidity, mortality and sequelae associated with it. This study was undertaken to study the clinical features, etiology, biochemical abnormalities in neonates with seizures and correlate the biochemical abnormalities with clinical features and etiology of neonatal seizures. Methodology- In this prospective observational study a total of 250 newborns admitted to NICU less than or equal to 28 days of age, with clinically identified seizures were included. A detailed maternal history, complete clinical examination, anthropometry, investigations and treatment given to neonates were noted down and statistical analysis was performed. Results- Incidence of neonatal seizures was 3.70%. Neonatal seizures were more common in first 72 hours (3 days) of life. Subtle seizures were the most common type of neonatal seizures. Neonatal seizures were found to be seven times more common in preterm infants than in term infants. Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy was the most common cause of neonatal seizures seen in 34.4%.cases followed by Infection. Conclusion- Higher incidence of neonatal seizures was seen in preterm babies (14.35%), low birth weight babies (8.19%) and male neonates. Neonatal seizures were most common in first three days of life. Primary biochemical abnormalities without other co-morbid states which could account for the seizures were seen in 20.4 % cases, hypoglycemia and hypocalcaemia were the commonest in this group. Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy was the most common cause of neonatal seizures seen in 34.4% cases followed by Infection. 25.2% of cases of neonatal seizures with identifiable etiology had biochemical abnormality.

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