Objective: To assess the nutritional status of children 6 to 59 months of age in nontribal and tribal areas of Raigad district Methodology: A representative sample of children 6 to 59 months of age was randomly selected with a validated multistage clustered design. The sample was stratified according to place of residence (nontribal and tribal area) locality and size of locality (number of households). A cross- sectional survey of nutritional status was carried out. Data were collected by interviews with the primary caregivers of the children. Measurements were made of children's weight and height or length. Food-intake data were collected by the 24-hour food-recall method with the use of a booklet of photographs of foods commonly eaten in India. Results: A total of 1008 children were assessed, of which 97 had severe acute malnutrition, 286 had moderate acute malnutrition. Out of286 children studied, locality and maternal education were significantly associated with acute malnutrition whereas infants 6 to 23 months of age were significantly at risk. Calorie and protein intakes were generally lower than recommended dietary allowances. Conclusion: Maternal education and provision of food education in selected areas is needed to make aware dietary impact.

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Proper clinical history taking , examination, skin prick test, specific Ig E antibodies to cow's milk, diagnostic elimination trial, food Challenge test and endoscopic biopsy are the available diagnostic tools to diagnose and confirm Cow's milk allergy. Guidelines, consensus statements and position papers are published on diagnosis of CMPA. Holistic views of all have been considered and broad management principles are discussed.

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Congenital dyserythropoietic anaemias (CDAs) are a heterogeneous class of inherited disorders resulting from abnormalities of erythropoiesis and distinctive morphologic abnormalities in bone marrow erythroblasts^[1]. Dyserythropoiesis is the main reason for anaemia but shortened half life of red blood cells may also contribute to the anaemia. Mainly four types of CDAs are identified depending on bone marrow morphology, clinical features and genetic variants. Additional subgroups and variants are also identified. We are reporting a case of six months old male child presented with severe anaemia diagnosed with CDA typel. CDA type 1 is rare autosomal recessive disorder and only more than 300 cases are reported worldwide. Very few are reported from India. We are reporting a case of CDA type 1 from Vidarbha region of Maharashtra from a tertiary care centre.

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Cardiac autonomic tone is beat to beat fluctuation in heart rate. There is paucity of data on normal values of HRV in newborn infants. This study was an initiative to assess the feasibility of measurement and analysis of short term HRV in healthy term neonates. 20 healthy term neonates admitted in Neonatal Unit of Dr BRAM Hospital at Raipur, Chhattisgarh, who met the inclusion criteria of gestational age > 37 weeks & APGAR score >= 8 at 5minutes were included. Cardiac autonomic modulation was assessed by short term heart rate variability by 5 minutes continuous recording of ECG using a lead ? electrocardiogram (ECG). The analysis of HRV was done by Time domain, Frequency domain and Non Linear methods. Time Domain values were expressed in first quartile and third quartile of SDSD were between (10.78 – 36.43ms), RMSSD were (10.82 - 36.4) ms andpRR50 and (0.39 - 16.82). Frequency domain values expressed in first quartile and third quartile of LF were (56.04 – 72.97 n.u.), HF were (26.76 – 41.58 n.u). Value of the LF/HF ratio is (1.33- 2.72). Non linear values expressed in first quartile and third quartile of SD1 were between (7.62 – 25.76 ms) & SD2 were ( 25.50-46.03 ms). This study showed recording of heart rate variability in neonates is feasible. It can be a promising noninvasive diagnostic and prognostic tool in the assessment of neonatal and infant diseases.

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Introduction: Intra-uterine fetal metabolic aberrations produce several life-threatening ailments in adult life, including atherosclerotic disease. In that context, though lipid profile has been extensively studied in adults as an excellent marker of the cardiovascular status, similar studies involving pediatric population are largely lacking, especially on umbilical cord-blood. Aims and Objectives: The aim of the present paper is to improve upon the existing knowledge about cord-blood lipid profile in newborns and its correlation with gestational age, gender and birth-weight in newborns. Materials and Methods: This is a hospital-based cross- sectional study involving 105 neonates born at a rural tertiary- care teaching hospital of central India for the calendar year 2015. Umbilical cord-blood samples of all these newborns were biochemically assessed and statistically analyzed for various parameters of lipid profile, including apolipoproteins Results: Small-for-gestational-age neonates had markedly significant higher levels of all the lipid panel values. Amongst them, female neonates had slightly higher readings than their male counterparts, though the variations did not reach statistical significance. However, the difference of Atherogenic Index between small (4.24± 16.67) and appropriate (1.59±1.39) for gestational age neonates was not statistically significant. Discussion: Findings in our study were discussed in the light of the present-day literature to arrive at clinically valuable implications. Conclusion: Cord-blood lipid screening provides an opportunity to identify and treat high risk neonates, like the small-for-gestational-age, for prevention of impending coronary artery disease in their adult lives.

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Introduction: Hepatitis A virus (HAV) is a common communicable disease acquired from feco- oral route. It is endemic in fast developing urbanization areas. Poor sanitation is making this disease stay despite good vaccine availability. It may present with a range of clinical manifestations, from asymptomatic infection to fulminant hepatitis. Aims : To study the clinical profile of children with Hepatitis A infection. Materials and Methods: It's a retrospective analysis of children having Acute HAV diagnosed by IgM hep A in 6 months to 12 years of age in last one year in tertiary care hospital. Clinical features, complications were studied. Results: 27 cases were enrolled in our study. Mean age was 6.5 + 3.9 years out of 27 cases. Fever (92.6%), gastrointestinal complaints (59.3%) and lethargy (37%) were the common presenting symptoms. 12 patients (44.4%) presented with irritability and altered sensorium. Physical findings were hepatomegaly (96.2%) and jaundice (100%) in all children. More than 4-fold increase in level of Aspartate transaminase and Alanine transaminase were noted in almost all cases. Prothrombin time was deranged in 12(44.4%) cases. Serum Ammonia was raised in 8(27%) patients. 8 cases (27%) developed fulminant hepatic failure out of which 2 cases had co-infection with dengue, 1 case had a history of consumption of nimesulide and 1 case had chronic liver disease & 7 cases (25.9%) succumbed to death. Rest 20 (74.1%) recovered completely. Conclusion: Though hepatitis A infection is a self-limiting disease, presence of co-infection, underlying liver disease and consumption of certain drugs can cause severe complications. Hence, all cases should be followed up till complete recovery.

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